Swelling of the scrotum caused by excess fluid in the sheath that surrounds the testicles is known as hydrocele. Hydrocele causes no pain, and it usually resolves without treatment. Occasionally, however, the condition is a result of a minor (and correctable) anatomical defect that increases the risk of inguinal hernias in male infants.

HOW DOES HYDROCELE DEVELOP?
Hydrocele develops when the body either produces too much or absorbs too little of the fluid that cushions and lubricates the testicles within the scrotum. In some cases, the excess fluid results from incomplete closure of the peritoneum—the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity—during fetal development. This minor defect is quite common since the scrotum is formed from a saclike extension of the peritoneum.

Hydrocele generally becomes noticeable a few weeks after birth and must be differentiated from an inguinal, or groin, hernia.

IS MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY?
Although hydrocele usually resolves on its own, a doctor should be consulted any time parents suspect some abnormality in a baby's genitalia.

HOW CAN THE PEDIATRICIAN TELL IF MY CHILD HAS HYDROCELE?
Pediatricians diagnose hydroceles by shining a light through the scrotum. The light will show the fluid-filled areas, although the testicles themselves will be opaque.

WHAT TREATMENTS ARE AVAILABLE?
If the hydrocele seems particularly large or unlikely to subside unassisted, your pediatrician will probably recommend surgery to drain the excess fluid and, if possible, repair the source of the excess fluid.

GETTING HELP
Call your doctor if:

• Your child has swollen testicles after the immediate newborn period

• Your child's testicles change in size throughout the day

Excerpt from THE DISNEY ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BABY & CHILD CARE, © 1995 DSH Communications, Inc. This material is based on current medical research and, to the best of the editors' knowledge and understanding, is accurate and valid. However the reader should not use information contained in this material to alter a medically prescribed regimen or as a form of self-treatment, without seeking the advice of a licensed physician.