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Treating Shock

When a child has a serious injury or infection, the body may react by going into shock, which occurs when the body tried to redirect blood to the brain and other important internal organs. As a result, less blood is sent to the outside parts of the body, so the child appears pale and has cold, clammy skin. When a child is in shock, it may be hard to detect a pulse and blood pressure. Conditions that can cause shock include bleeding, poisoning, broken bones, severe allergic reactions, head injuries, heat stroke, dehydration, blood infections and meningitis. Shock is a serious emergency requiring prompt medical treatment.

SIGNS OF SHOCK
Look for the following primary signs of shock in any major injury or other medical emergency:
• Cold, clammy, pale or mottled skin
• Weak and rapid pulse
• Lightheadedness or fainting
• Irregular, rapid and shallow breathing
• Chills
• Extreme thirst

Other possible signs of shock include:
• Pinched and vacant expression
• Glassy or dull eyes, with enlarged pupils and a staring gaze
• Restlessness, agitation or groaning without experiencing pain or exhibiting obvious injuries
• Loss of bowel or bladder control

HOW TO GIVE FIRST AID FOR SHOCK
1. Call for medical help. The child needs to get to an emergency facility as soon as possible.

2. Keep the child laying down and elevate the feet, unless the child has a head injury. Try to keep the head lower than the heart to promote adequate circulation to the brain.

3. Keep the child warm with a blanket or clothing.

4. Make sure the child's air passages are open and that he can get fresh air.

5. Make sure the child is breathing and has a pulse. If these are absent, start CPR.

6. Administer first aid as needed for any injuries that may have caused the shock, such as bleeding or a broken bone.

7. Do not move the child unless it is to transport him to the hospital. Try to keep the child calm and still, and avoid unnecessary noise and questions.

8. Even though the child may be very thirsty, give only small amounts of water or other nonstimulant and nonalcoholic fluid. DO NOT give any fluids to a child with an abdominal injury.

9. Continue to monitor the child's breathing and pulse until help arrives.

Excerpt from THE DISNEY ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BABY & CHILD CARE, © 1995 DSH Communications, Inc. This material is based on current medical research and, to the best of the editors' knowledge and understanding, is accurate and valid. However the reader should not use information contained in this material to alter a medically prescribed regimen or as a form of self-treatment, without seeking the advice of a licensed physician.

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Treating Shock

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